The EU holds a range of competences in the area of migration. Over the past decades, the EU has developed a comprehensive constitutional framework that governs both internal migration across Member States of third-country nationals and external cooperation with third countries. While internal competences cover entry, residence, and asylum, external competences refer to its actions towards third countries concerning migration. The EU engages with countries of origin and transit through a range of measures, including partnership agreements and readmission arrangements. This may also be categorised as the internal and external dimension of migration law. This report outlines the development, scope, and limits of the EU’s migration competences, focusing on EU-national relations, Treaty legal bases, and human rights obligations.